topological invariance

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• Topological quantum field theory — A topological quantum field theory (or topological field theory or TQFT) is a quantum field theory which computes topological invariants.Although TQFTs were invented by physicists (notably Edward Witten), they are primarily of mathematical… …   Wikipedia

• Invariance of domain — is a theorem in topology about homeomorphic subsets of Euclidean space R n . It states: :If U is an open subset of R n and f : U rarr; R n is an injective continuous map, then V = f ( U ) is open and f is a homeomorphism between U and V .The… …   Wikipedia

• Topological manifold — In mathematics, a topological manifold is a Hausdorff topological space which looks locally like Euclidean space in a sense defined below. Topological manifolds form an important class of topological spaces with applications throughout… …   Wikipedia

• Luitzen Egbertus Jan Brouwer — [ˈlœyt.sən ɛx.ˈbɛʁ.təs jɑn ˈbʁʌu.əʁ] (February 27 1881, Overschie – December 2 1966, Blaricum), usually cited as L. E. J. Brouwer but known to his friends as Bertus, was a Dutch mathematician and philosopher, a graduate of the University of… …   Wikipedia

• Euler's formula — 1. Math. the theorem that ei x = cos(x) + i sin(x). 2. Mech. a formula for determining the maximum load that can be applied to a given column without causing it to buckle. [1945 50; named after L. EULER] * * * Either of two important mathematical …   Universalium

• Novikov, Sergey Petrovich — ▪ Russian mathematician born March 20, 1938, Gorky, Russia, U.S.S.R. [now Nizhny Novgorod, Russia]       Russian mathematician who was awarded the Fields Medal in 1970 for his work in topology.       Novikov graduated from Moscow State University …   Universalium

• Sergei Novikov (mathematician) — Sergei Petrovich Novikov Born 20 March 1938 (1938 03 20) (age 73) Gorky, Russian SFSR, USSR Fields Mathematics …   Wikipedia

• Loop quantum gravity — Not to be confused with the path integral formulation of LQG, see spin foam. This article is about LQG in its Canonical formulation.. Beyond the Standard Model …   Wikipedia

• Singular homology — In algebraic topology, a branch of mathematics, singular homology refers to the study of a certain set of topological invariants of a topological space X , the so called homology groups H n(X). Singular homology is a particular example of a… …   Wikipedia

• BRST quantization — In theoretical physics, BRST quantization (where the BRST refers to Becchi, Rouet, Stora and Tyutin) is a relatively rigorous mathematical approach to quantizing a field theory with a gauge symmetry. Quantization rules in earlier QFT frameworks… …   Wikipedia

• Molecular descriptor — Molecular descriptors play a fundamental role in chemistry, pharmaceutical sciences, environmental protection policy, and health researches, as well as in quality control, being the way molecules, thought of as real bodies, are transformed into… …   Wikipedia